US-Israel: What are the allegations of espionage all about?

Several US media outlets report that an anonymous source from the US Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) leaked internal information indicating that the Pentagon has elevated Israel to the highest category of counterintelligence threat. The change was reportedly made due to significantly expanded intelligence activities against the US. Officially, Washington has denounced the reports, and Israel has dismissed the allegations as "completely false."

However, the allegations are still causing a stir in Washington as Israel is considered one of the closest partners of the US . At the same time, these reports highlight a decades-old issue: mutual distrust regarding intelligence activities carried out by strategic allies. Ultimately, though, the real cause could be something entirely different.

In Germany , the news brings to mind a remark made by then-Chancellor Angela Merkel in 2013 after it became known that the US National Security Agency (NSA) had been monitoring her cell phone: " Spying on friends is never acceptable," Merkel said at the time. Shortly thereafter, however, it became known that the German foreign intelligence service, the BND, had also been spying on allied countries, governments and institutions for decades.

German intelligence expert Erich Schmidt-Eenboom is convinced that even friendly nations spy on one another regularly. In his view, this applies especially to the US and Israel. "There have been repeated Mossad operations in the United States as part of the fight against international terrorism that were not coordinated with the FBI. Conversely, Israel has always been an interesting target for the National Security Agency's electronic surveillance, especially during all wars," he said.

Probably the most prominent case of Israeli espionage in the United States to date is that of Jonathan Pollard in 1987. Working as a US Navy intelligence analyst, Pollard passed information to Israeli handlers and, according to The Times of Israel, received tens of thousands of US dollars in return.

After his confession, he was sentenced to life in prison in the US. However, leading Israeli politicians repeatedly advocated for Pollard until he was released from prison in 2015 under certain conditions. When Pollard was allowed to leave for Israel in 2020, Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu personally greeted him at the airport. "That was quite an insult to the Americans," Schmidt-Eenboom told DW.

In 2004, it became known that Lawrence Franklin, a political analyst at the US Department of Defense, had passed on confidential information about US policy toward Iran to Israel via the influential pro-Israel lobbying organization AIPAC. Israel and AIPAC deny this, but Franklin was nevertheless convicted of espionage.

In the wake of the Snowden affair in 2013, Israeli espionage in the US was not a prominent issue. However, the British daily newspaper The Guardian mentioned in passing that, according to one of the documents leaked by whistleblower Edward Snowden , an "NIE [National Intelligence Estimate] ranked them as the third-most aggressive intelligence service against the US."